China’s Law-Based Cyberspace Governance in the New Era: Keeping Order in a Rule-Based Cyberspace

　　China has taken rigorous measures to ensure fair and rule-based law enforcement in cyberspace, strengthening enforcement in key areas of immediate concern to the people, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the individual as well as the general public.

　　1.Protecting Personal Information

　　China carries out regular actions against mobile applications that illegally collect and use personal data. Since 2019, the authorities in China have inspected 3.22 million mobile applications, issuing notice of criticism to or removing about 3,000 applications that violated laws and regulations.

　　2. Protecting Online Intellectual Property Rights

　　China has taken strong actions for online IPR protection, including establishing and improving supervision mechanisms, creating a new dynamic of IPR protection by all members of society, launching cross-platform cooperation for IPR protection, and punishing online infringement and piracy.

　　3. Maintaining Order in the Online Market

　　-Ensuring fair competition in the online market.

　　Acts of unfair competition by major online platforms such as price cheating and dumping, monopoly abuse have been redressed through regulatory means.

　　Cases relating to concentration of platform operators in key areas such as finance, high-tech, media that affect people’s wellbeing have been reviewed and handled in accordance with the law.

　　Mergers and acquisitions that might adversely affect market competition and innovation have been prevented.

　　-Regulating online trading and transactions.

　　China has exercised strict regulation over customer soliciting by online channels, and investigated a number of websites and platform users suspected of wrongdoing.

　　Targeted actions have been taken against online pyramid selling, particularly under the disguise of e-commerce, investment and money management, and online business startups.

　　4. Safeguarding National Cybersecurity

　　In the area of core internet resources, it has strengthened the management of websites, domains and IP addresses, and improved early warning systems.

　　In the area of key network systems, it has further strengthened protection for network security and monitored cybersecurity threats.

　　In the area of internet data, it has strengthened law enforcement on data security involving the Industrial Internet, Internet of Vehicles, and 5G application.

　　5. Creating a Clean Cyberspace

　　China has launched Operation Clean Net, Operation Qinglang and other special campaigns to address outstanding problems of strong public concern on the internet, such as pornography, fake information, cyberbullying, and abuse of algorithms.

　　China has cleaned up the internet through Operation Child Protector and other special programs to maintain a safe online environment for minors, with a focus on illegal and harmful information, online gaming addiction, and unhealthy online socializing.

　　编辑：袁筱